Labraunda
The unique monumental built tomb, probably of Hekatomnid foundation, erected above the temenos.
Rock-cut chamber tombs: they are few in number (9). They offer two different configurations. One, the most common, concerns 8 of them. It is made of a chamber carved in a cliff with an opening located sometimes several meters above the ground; the second shows a dromos leading to a door opening in a funerary chamber. The main body of the tomb is entirely carved in the bedrock and covered by a series of huge beams.
Subterranean chamber-tomb: only one example is known to date. It is situated at the foot of the mountain, north of Mylasa. It seems to be composed of a dromos, an antechamber and a funerary chamber. Made entirely of marble, the craftsmanship is of exceptional quality. A few examples of this kind of tombs are known in the region of Mylasa. They were excavated in the 1950’s by A. Akarca. They all seem to be dating from the second half of the 4th century BC. The actual state of preservation of the new structure limits the analysis as the funerary space has been plundered long ago and is now entirely filled up with soil.
The rock-cut sarcophagi: they represent one of the most widespread tomb type of the necropolis. They have a two storied pit carved inside a platform prepared at the summit of a high boulder. They are covered by a massive gabled lid. On the short and long sides of the lid one finds square bosses, probably used as a lifting device when the burial was being closed. In one case a monumental Pi shaped built structure has been erected around the sarcophagus. It is the only known example of such an association in the whole Caria.
Simple pit: they represent almost half of the known tombs but they are hard to detect as their pit is carved in the rocky soil and covered by thin slabs. Most of them could only be recognized after they had been plundered. In 2010 we nonetheless found a section of the necropolis that was not plundered. It was mainly composed of simple pit type of tombs. The information retrieved from the excavation of those tombs revealed that they date from the mid 5th century BC, i.e. the oldest tombs known in the necropolis of Labraunda.
Cist graves: one of the most common grave types in the ancient world, often considered as the poorest burials. It is made of five slabs, one horizontal at the bottom and four vertical on the sides. As for the simple pit type they are hardly detectable and there amount (around 10% now) could increase dramatically as the survey is going on.
A Karian rock-cut sarcophagus with its typical gabled lid with side tenons.
The total amount of the recorded graves around the sanctuary reaches more than a 100. The necropolis occupies a wide area following the sacred way leading from Mylasa to Labraunda to Alinda. The first graves are located at the foot of the mountain carrying the temenos and the last ones several kilometers north of the sanctuary along the road toward Alinda. The tombs can be classified under 6 groups:
THE SITE
Ancient authors about Labraunda
Inside the Sanctuary
Andron B and C Terraces and the East Stoa
Outside the sanctuary
Tombs
Bibliography
Papers, notes and other studies
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