Labraunda

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Dear Visitor!


Welcome to our new Labraunda website, celebrating 60 years of Swedish archaeological work at this Anatolian place!


Labraunda is the home of the Sanctuary of Zeus Labraundos and is located 14 km from the modern town of Milas, in southwestern Turkey. This area was known in ancient times as Karia (or Caria), and the Sanctuary of Zeus Labraundos, with the double axe as his symbol, was a national sanctuary for the ancient Karians.  The origin of the cult of the god of the double axe goes back to the worship of Tarhunt, the Hittite god of Heaven.

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Foreword


The earliest evidence for the cult of Zeus Labraundos at the site dates to the middle of the 7th century BC. Most of the monumental marble buildings however were erected by the Hekatomnid family of Karian satraps in the 4th century BC. The famous Maussollos is among these. From the Roman period there are two large bath buildings. Early Christianity is represented on the site by two Byzantine churches as well as a baptistery.

Descriptions of the individual buildings found on the site are provided here. These include not only the temple, the andrones, the many stoas and the Roman baths but also the ancient remains in the immediate surroundings of the sanctuary, such as the spring-houses, the tombs, the Sacred Road, the Acropolis fortification and the five free-standing fortresses.


This website also provides information about the discovery of the ancient buildings, as well as a description of the excavations on the site conducted by Swedish archaeologists since 1948.

The website was constructed by staff member Olivier Henry, based on the text written by Pontus Hellström and pictures published in the guidebook of Labraunda, printed in Istanbul in 2007 (Labraunda. A Guide to the Karian Sanctuary of Zeus Labraundos, can be bought in English or Turkish at www.egeyayinlari.com). The plans, photographs and drawings are by Thomas Thieme, Jesper Blid, Olivier Henry, Stefan Forsberg and myself. My thanks and appreciation go to everyone who participated in the creation of this website and participated in the success of our project at Labraunda.

Welcome to Labraunda, both in the real and virtual worlds!


Lars Karlsson

Director of the Swedish Excavations at Labraunda

Illustrations: coins from the Hekatomnid dynasts, from Hekatomnos to Pixodaros

THE SITE How and Why to go there? Introduction Ancient authors about Labraunda The rediscovery of Labraunda The excavations The layout of the sanctuary A tour of the ruins The remains inside the Sanctuary Entrance area Andron B and C Terraces and the East Stoa Temple Terrace The remains outside the sanctuary Built Tomb Open-air Cult area Akropolis Stadion Sacred Way Spring Houses Tombs Other Fortresses Tetraconch Bath Bibliography Early Travellers Final Reports Preliminary Reports Papers, notes and other studies Preliminary Excavation Reports 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Website MapHow_and_Why_eng.htmlHow_and_Why_eng.htmlIntroduction_eng.htmlAncient_authors_about_Labraunda_eng.htmlAncient_authors_about_Labraunda_eng.htmlAncient_authors_about_Labraunda_eng.htmlRediscovery_of_Labraundra_eng.htmlRediscovery_of_Labraundra_eng.htmlExcavations_eng.htmlThe_layout_of_the_sanctuary_eng.htmlThe_layout_of_the_sanctuary_eng.htmlTour_of_the_ruins_eng.htmlTour_of_the_ruins_eng.htmlEntrance_area_eng.htmlAndron_B_C_Terraces_and_East_stoa_eng.htmlAndron_B_C_Terraces_and_East_stoa_eng.htmlAndron_B_C_Terraces_and_East_stoa_eng.htmlTemple_Terrace_eng.htmlBuilt_tomb_eng.htmlOpen_air_cult_area_eng.htmlOpen_air_cult_area_eng.htmlAkropolis_eng.htmlStadion_eng.htmlSacred_Way_eng.htmlSpring_houses_eng.htmlTombs_eng.htmlOther_Fortresses_eng.htmlTetraconch_bath_eng.htmlBibliography_early_travellers_eng.htmlBibliography_final_reports_eng.htmlBibliography_preliminary_reports_eng.htmlBibliography_preliminary_reports_eng.htmlbibliography_other_eng.htmlbibliography_other_eng.htmlReport_2004_eng.htmlReport_2005_eng.htmlReport_2006_eng.htmlReport_2007_eng.htmlReport_2008_eng.htmlReport_2009_eng.htmlWebsite_map_eng.htmlshapeimage_14_link_0shapeimage_14_link_1shapeimage_14_link_2shapeimage_14_link_3shapeimage_14_link_4shapeimage_14_link_5shapeimage_14_link_6shapeimage_14_link_7shapeimage_14_link_8shapeimage_14_link_9shapeimage_14_link_10shapeimage_14_link_11shapeimage_14_link_12shapeimage_14_link_13shapeimage_14_link_14shapeimage_14_link_15shapeimage_14_link_16shapeimage_14_link_17shapeimage_14_link_18shapeimage_14_link_19shapeimage_14_link_20shapeimage_14_link_21shapeimage_14_link_22shapeimage_14_link_23shapeimage_14_link_24shapeimage_14_link_25shapeimage_14_link_26shapeimage_14_link_27shapeimage_14_link_28shapeimage_14_link_29shapeimage_14_link_30shapeimage_14_link_31shapeimage_14_link_32shapeimage_14_link_33shapeimage_14_link_34shapeimage_14_link_35shapeimage_14_link_36shapeimage_14_link_37shapeimage_14_link_38shapeimage_14_link_39shapeimage_14_link_40